The Human Brain Project (HBP) was the largest brain research project in Europe and is one of the largest research projects ever funded by the European Union. It was one of the three FET flagship projects of the EU. At the interface between neuroscience and information technology, the HBP investigated the brain and its diseases using advanced methods from computer science, neuroinformatics and artificial intelligence, and it spurred innovation in areas such as brain-inspired computing and neurorobotics. As a long-term contribution to the global scientific community, the HBP has created EBRAINS, an open European research infrastructure that enables scientists and technology experts to collaborate efficiently and accelerate advances in the fields of neuroscience, computer science and medicine.

The EU flagship initiative for research into the human brain was concluded in 2023 after ten years.