The state-of-the-art and emerging design approaches of double-tuned RF coils for X-nuclei, brain MR imaging and spectroscopy: A review
Chang-Hoon Choi, Suk-Min Hong, Jörg Felder, N. Jon Shah
Due to recent technological advancements, interest in the study of non-proton nuclei (X-nuclei) has increased. Improving our ability to measure X-nuclei using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is clinically significant, as it is known that X-nuclei are able to provide insight into important cellular processes and energy metabolism in tissues. By monitoring these nuclei closely, it is possible to establish links to pathological conditions and neurodegenerative diseases.
However, as the intrinsic sensitivity of nonproton nuclei is lower compared to 1H, a well-designed radiofrequency (RF) system with a multi-tuned RF coil is required to ensure that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the X-nuclei is as high as possible.
This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of previous efforts, with particular focus on the design concept of multi-tuned coils, predominantly for brain applications. The main body of the review is categorised into two parts: state-of-the art according to the single or multiple design structures and emerging technologies. A more detailed description is given in each subsection relating to the specific design approaches of, mostly, double-tuned coils, including using traps, PIN-diodes, nested and metamaterial, together with explanations of their novelties, optimal solutions and trade-offs.
Original publication: